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//使用OkHttp请求是一个流行的第三方库，通常用于更高效的 HTTP 请求，特别是在 Android 开发中非常常见。 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.Response; public class OkHttpExample { public static void main(String[] args) { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); // 创建请求对象 Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("https://api.github.com") .build(); try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) { // 打印响应内容 System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.code()); System.out.println("Response Body: " + response.body().string()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //使用 HttpURLConnection 类, 是 Java 标准库提供的一个类，用于处理 HTTP 请求。这是一个较为基础的 HTTP 请求方式。 import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class HttpURLConnectionExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { URL url = new URL("http://example.com"); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 读取响应 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream())); String inputLine; StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer(); while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) { response.append(inputLine); } in.close(); System.out.println(response.toString()); } } //Apache HttpClient是一个功能强大的 HTTP 请求库，提供了更加丰富的功能和更好的性能。通常在大型应用中使用。 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public class HttpClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) { HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://example.com"); try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); System.out.println(result); } } } } //Java 11 引入了 HttpClient API，作为 HttpURLConnection 的替代，提供了更现代、更简洁的方式来发送 HTTP 请求。 import java.net.URI; import java.net.http.*; import java.net.http.HttpRequest.*; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class HttpClientExampleJava11 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("http://example.com")) .build(); HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()); System.out.println(response.body()); } } //RestTemplate 是 Spring 提供的用于简化 HTTP 请求的工具类。它支持多种 HTTP 方法（GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 等）和 JSON 解析等。 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; public class RestTemplateExample { public static void main(String[] args) { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://example.com", String.class); System.out.println(result); } } //URLConnection（简单实现）URLConnection 是 HttpURLConnection 的父类，可以用于发送 HTTP 请求，但它的功能没有 HttpURLConnection 那么强大。 import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class URLConnectionExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { URL url = new URL("http://example.com"); URLConnection connection = url.openConnection(); // 获取响应 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream())); String inputLine; StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer(); while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) { response.append(inputLine); } in.close(); System.out.println(response.toString()); } } // Jetty Client（较少使用）Jetty 是一个 Java Web 服务器，但它也提供了 Jetty Client 用于进行 HTTP 请求。它主要用于与 Jetty 服务器的集成，但也可以独立使用。 import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient; import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response; import org.eclipse.jetty.util.ssl.SslContextFactory; public class JettyClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(new SslContextFactory.Client()); client.start(); client.GET("http://example.com") .onResponse(response -> { System.out.println(response.getContentAsString()); }) .send(); client.stop(); } } //AsyncHttpClient（较少使用）AsyncHttpClient 是一个异步 HTTP 客户端库，主要用于异步的网络请求处理。 import org.asynchttpclient.*; public class AsyncHttpClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { AsyncHttpClient client = Dsl.asyncHttpClient(); client.prepareGet("http://example.com") .execute() .toCompletableFuture() .thenAccept(response -> { System.out.println(response.getResponseBody()); }).join(); client.close(); } } //JDK 8+ CompletableFuture 与 HttpClient（异步请求）结合 JDK 8 的 CompletableFuture 和 Java 11 的 HttpClient 可以轻松实现异步请求。 import java.net.URI; import java.net.http.*; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class AsyncHttpClientJava11 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("http://example.com")) .build(); CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>> responseFuture = client.sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()); responseFuture.thenAccept(response -> System.out.println(response.body())); } }

import android.util.Base64 import java.security.KeyFactory import java.security.KeyPairGenerator import java.security.MessageDigest import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec import javax.crypto.Cipher import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator import javax.crypto.Mac import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec // ============================================================ // AES 加密 / 解密 // ============================================================ object AESUtils { private const val ALGORITHM = "AES" private const val TRANSFORMATION_CBC = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding" private const val TRANSFORMATION_ECB = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding" private const val TRANSFORMATION_GCM = "AES/GCM/NoPadding" /** 生成 AES 密钥（128 / 192 / 256 位） */ fun generateKey(keySize: Int = 256): ByteArray { val keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM) keyGen.init(keySize) return keyGen.generateKey().encoded } // ---------- CBC 模式 ---------- /** AES-CBC 加密，返回 Base64 字符串（IV 拼接在密文前） */ fun encryptCBC(plainText: String, keyBytes: ByteArray): String { val iv = ByteArray(16).also { java.security.SecureRandom().nextBytes(it) } val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION_CBC) cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM), IvParameterSpec(iv)) val encrypted = cipher.doFinal(plainText.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)) // 将 IV 拼接到密文头部，方便解密时提取 return Base64.encodeToString(iv + encrypted, Base64.NO_WRAP) } /** AES-CBC 解密 */ fun decryptCBC(cipherBase64: String, keyBytes: ByteArray): String { val data = Base64.decode(cipherBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP) val iv = data.copyOfRange(0, 16) val encrypted = data.copyOfRange(16, data.size) val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION_CBC) cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM), IvParameterSpec(iv)) return String(cipher.doFinal(encrypted), Charsets.UTF_8) } // ---------- ECB 模式（不推荐用于生产，IV 固定） ---------- fun encryptECB(plainText: String, keyBytes: ByteArray): String { val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION_ECB) cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM)) return Base64.encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(plainText.toByteArray()), Base64.NO_WRAP) } fun decryptECB(cipherBase64: String, keyBytes: ByteArray): String { val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION_ECB) cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM)) return String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decode(cipherBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP))) } } // ============================================================ // RSA 加密 / 解密 / 签名 / 验签 // ============================================================ object RSAUtils { private const val ALGORITHM = "RSA" private const val TRANSFORMATION = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding" private const val SIGN_ALGORITHM = "SHA256withRSA" private const val KEY_SIZE = 2048 data class RsaKeyPair(val publicKeyBase64: String, val privateKeyBase64: String) /** 生成 RSA 密钥对 */ fun generateKeyPair(): RsaKeyPair { val kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM) kpg.initialize(KEY_SIZE) val kp = kpg.generateKeyPair() return RsaKeyPair( publicKeyBase64 = Base64.encodeToString(kp.public.encoded, Base64.NO_WRAP), privateKeyBase64 = Base64.encodeToString(kp.private.encoded, Base64.NO_WRAP) ) } /** 公钥加密 */ fun encryptByPublicKey(plainText: String, publicKeyBase64: String): String { val keyBytes = Base64.decode(publicKeyBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP) val publicKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM) .generatePublic(X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes)) val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION) cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey) return Base64.encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(plainText.toByteArray()), Base64.NO_WRAP) } /** 私钥解密 */ fun decryptByPrivateKey(cipherBase64: String, privateKeyBase64: String): String { val keyBytes = Base64.decode(privateKeyBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP) val privateKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM) .generatePrivate(PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes)) val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(TRANSFORMATION) cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey) return String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decode(cipherBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP))) } /** 私钥签名，返回 Base64 签名 */ fun sign(data: String, privateKeyBase64: String): String { val keyBytes = Base64.decode(privateKeyBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP) val privateKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM) .generatePrivate(PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes)) val sig = java.security.Signature.getInstance(SIGN_ALGORITHM) sig.initSign(privateKey) sig.update(data.toByteArray()) return Base64.encodeToString(sig.sign(), Base64.NO_WRAP) } /** 公钥验签 */ fun verify(data: String, signatureBase64: String, publicKeyBase64: String): Boolean { val keyBytes = Base64.decode(publicKeyBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP) val publicKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM) .generatePublic(X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes)) val sig = java.security.Signature.getInstance(SIGN_ALGORITHM) sig.initVerify(publicKey) sig.update(data.toByteArray()) return sig.verify(Base64.decode(signatureBase64, Base64.NO_WRAP)) } } // ============================================================ // MD5 / SHA 系列哈希 // ============================================================ object HashUtils { /** MD5，返回 32 位小写十六进制 */ fun md5(input: String): String = digest("MD5", input) /** SHA-1 */ fun sha1(input: String): String = digest("SHA-1", input) /** SHA-256 */ fun sha256(input: String): String = digest("SHA-256", input) /** SHA-512 */ fun sha512(input: String): String = digest("SHA-512", input) private fun digest(algorithm: String, input: String): String { val md = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm) return md.digest(input.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)) .joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) } } /** 对文件/二进制数据计算 MD5 */ fun md5Bytes(bytes: ByteArray): String { val md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5") return md.digest(bytes).joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) } } } // ============================================================ // HMAC（带密钥的消息认证码） // ============================================================ object HMACUtils { /** HMAC-MD5 */ fun hmacMD5(data: String, key: String): String = hmac("HmacMD5", data, key) /** HMAC-SHA256 */ fun hmacSHA256(data: String, key: String): String = hmac("HmacSHA256", data, key) /** HMAC-SHA512 */ fun hmacSHA512(data: String, key: String): String = hmac("HmacSHA512", data, key) private fun hmac(algorithm: String, data: String, key: String): String { val mac = Mac.getInstance(algorithm) mac.init(SecretKeySpec(key.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8), algorithm)) return mac.doFinal(data.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)) .joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) } } } // ============================================================ // PBKDF2 密码哈希（推荐替代 MD5 存储密码） // ============================================================ object PBKDF2Utils { private const val ALGORITHM = "PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256" private const val ITERATIONS = 120_000 private const val KEY_LENGTH = 256 // bits /** 生成随机盐 */ fun generateSalt(length: Int = 16): ByteArray = ByteArray(length).also { java.security.SecureRandom().nextBytes(it) } /** 对密码进行 PBKDF2 哈希，返回 Base64 编码结果 */ fun hash(password: String, salt: ByteArray): String { val spec = PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), salt, ITERATIONS, KEY_LENGTH) val factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM) return Base64.encodeToString(factory.generateSecret(spec).encoded, Base64.NO_WRAP) } /** 验证密码（将输入密码用同一盐再哈希后比较） */ fun verify(password: String, salt: ByteArray, storedHash: String): Boolean { return hash(password, salt) == storedHash } } // ============================================================ // Base64 工具（编码 / 解码） // ============================================================ object Base64Utils { fun encode(data: ByteArray): String = Base64.encodeToString(data, Base64.NO_WRAP) fun encode(text: String): String = encode(text.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)) fun decode(base64: String): ByteArray = Base64.decode(base64, Base64.NO_WRAP) fun decodeToString(base64: String): String = String(decode(base64), Charsets.UTF_8) } // ============================================================ // 使用示例（可删除） // ============================================================ fun main() { // ---- AES ---- val aesKey = AESUtils.generateKey() val cipher = AESUtils.encryptCBC("Hello Android!", aesKey) val plain = AESUtils.decryptCBC(cipher, aesKey) println("AES-CBC 解密: $plain") // ---- RSA ---- val keyPair = RSAUtils.generateKeyPair() val rsaCipher = RSAUtils.encryptByPublicKey("Hello RSA", keyPair.publicKeyBase64) val rsaPlain = RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(rsaCipher, keyPair.privateKeyBase64) println("RSA 解密: $rsaPlain") val signature = RSAUtils.sign("签名内容", keyPair.privateKeyBase64) println("RSA 验签: ${RSAUtils.verify("签名内容", signature, keyPair.publicKeyBase64)}") // ---- Hash ---- println("MD5: ${HashUtils.md5("password")}") println("SHA256: ${HashUtils.sha256("password")}") // ---- HMAC ---- println("HMAC-SHA256: ${HMACUtils.hmacSHA256("message", "secret_key")}") // ---- PBKDF2 ---- val salt = PBKDF2Utils.generateSalt() val hashed = PBKDF2Utils.hash("my_password", salt) println("PBKDF2 验证: ${PBKDF2Utils.verify("my_password", salt, hashed)}") } ###拦截器 import okhttp3.* import java.io.IOException // ============ 拦截器1：请求前处理 ============ class BeforeRequestInterceptor : Interceptor { override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response { val original = chain.request() println("【请求前】原始 URL: ${original.url}") // 给请求加一些统一的东西：Header、时间戳、UA等 val newRequest = original.newBuilder() .addHeader("User-Agent", "MyApp/1.0") .addHeader("X-Timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis().toString()) .build() println("【请求前】处理完成，加了 Header: User-Agent, X-Timestamp") // 把改过的请求往下传，交给下一个拦截器 return chain.proceed(newRequest) } } // ============ 拦截器2：响应后处理 ============ class AfterResponseInterceptor : Interceptor { override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response { val request = chain.request() // 先让请求真正发出去（或交给链上下一环） val response = chain.proceed(request) println("【响应后】状态码: ${response.code}") println("【响应后】耗时统计、日志记录等逻辑可以写在这里") // 注意：response.body 只能读一次，这里演示要用 peekBody 或重新构造 val bodyString = response.peekBody(2048).string() println("【响应后】响应体预览: ${bodyString.take(200)}") // 可以直接把原始 response 返回，也可以构造新的 Response 对象再返回 return response } } // ============ 真实请求 ============ fun main() { val client = OkHttpClient.Builder() .addInterceptor(BeforeRequestInterceptor()) // 先执行：处理请求 .addInterceptor(AfterResponseInterceptor()) // 后执行：处理响应 .build() val request = Request.Builder() .url("https://httpbin.org/get") // 真实可访问的测试接口，会原样返回请求信息 .get() .build() client.newCall(request).enqueue(object : Callback { override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) { println("请求失败: ${e.message}") } override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) { response.use { println("最终拿到响应，长度: ${it.body?.contentLength()}") } } }) Thread.sleep(3000) // 仅为了让 main 函数不提前退出，实际项目不需要 }