BGP路由控制实验完整配置手册
2026/7/12 19:11:28 网站建设 项目流程

一、实验拓扑与地址规划

1.2 环回口地址规划

设备LoopBack0 (Router-ID/IBGP)LoopBack1 (模拟用户网段)所属AS
AR11.1.1.1/32192.168.1.1/24AS 100
AR22.2.2.2/32192.168.2.1/24AS 200
AR33.3.3.3/32192.168.3.1/24AS 200
AR44.4.4.4/32192.168.4.1/24AS 200
AR55.5.5.5/32192.168.5.1/24AS 300
AR66.6.6.6/32192.168.6.1/24AS 300
AR77.7.7.7/32192.168.7.1/24AS 400
AR88.8.8.8/32192.168.8.1/24AS 500
AR99.9.9.9/32192.168.9.1/24AS 500
AR1010.10.10.10/32192.168.10.1/24AS 500

1.3 直连网段规划

链路网段本端地址对端地址协议类型
AR1-GE0/0/0 ↔ AR2-GE0/0/0100.1.12.0/24100.1.12.1100.1.12.2EBGP
AR1-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR3-GE0/0/0100.1.13.0/24100.1.13.1100.1.13.3EBGP
AR2-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR7-GE0/0/0100.1.47.0/24100.1.47.2100.1.47.7EBGP
AR2-GE0/0/2 ↔ AR4-GE0/0/0100.1.24.0/24100.1.24.2100.1.24.4IBGP
AR3-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR4-GE0/0/1100.1.34.0/24100.1.34.3100.1.34.4IBGP
AR4-GE0/0/2 ↔ AR5-GE0/0/0100.1.45.0/24100.1.45.4100.1.45.5EBGP
AR5-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR7-GE0/0/1100.1.67.0/24100.1.67.5100.1.67.7EBGP
AR5-GE0/0/2 ↔ AR6-GE0/0/0100.1.56.0/24100.1.56.5100.1.56.6IBGP
AR6-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR7-GE0/0/3100.1.36.0/24100.1.36.6100.1.36.7EBGP
AR6-GE0/0/2 ↔ AR9-GE0/0/0100.1.69.0/24100.1.69.6100.1.69.9EBGP
AR7-GE0/0/2 ↔ AR8-GE0/0/0100.1.78.0/24100.1.78.7100.1.78.8EBGP
AR8-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR10-GE0/0/0100.1.107.0/24100.1.107.8100.1.107.10IBGP
AR9-GE0/0/1 ↔ AR10-GE0/0/1100.1.109.0/24100.1.109.9100.1.109.10IBGP

二、实验需求

  1. 每个设备配置两个环回接口:LoopBack0用于BGP建邻(/32),LoopBack1模拟用户网段(192.168.X.0/24)

  2. 所有AS内部运行OSPF协议,实现IBGP TCP可达,避免BGP路由黑洞

  3. 同一个AS内建立全连接IBGP对等体关系(AS 200中AR2与AR3之间模拟路由传递故障,不建立IBGP)

  4. 按照图示建立所有EBGP对等体关系

  5. BGP仅传递用于模拟用户网段的LoopBack1路由信息

  6. AS内部如有需要,自行连接IGP协议进行运行

  7. 实现所有模拟PC的环回接口之间相互通讯


三、第一步:配置IP地址

3.1 AR1 配置(AS 100)

[AR1]int g0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.12.124[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.13.124[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0[AR1-LoopBack0]ipadd1.1.1.132[AR1-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR1-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.1.124

3.2 AR2 配置(AS 200)

[AR2]int g0/0/0[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.12.224[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.47.224[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd100.1.24.224[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int LoopBack0[AR2-LoopBack0]ipadd2.2.2.232[AR2-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR2-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.2.124

3.3 AR3 配置(AS 200)

[AR3]int g0/0/0[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.13.324[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.34.324[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0[AR3-LoopBack0]ipadd3.3.3.332[AR3-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR3-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.3.124

3.4 AR4 配置(AS 200)

[AR4]int g0/0/0[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.24.424[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.34.424[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd100.1.45.424[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int LoopBack0[AR4-LoopBack0]ipadd4.4.4.432[AR4-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR4-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.4.124

3.5 AR5 配置(AS 300)

[AR5]int g0/0/0[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.45.524[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.67.524[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd100.1.56.524[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int LoopBack0[AR5-LoopBack0]ipadd5.5.5.532[AR5-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR5-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.5.124

3.6 AR6 配置(AS 300)

[AR6]int g0/0/0[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.56.624[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.36.624[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd100.1.69.624[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int LoopBack0[AR6-LoopBack0]ipadd6.6.6.632[AR6-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR6-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.6.124

3.7 AR7 配置(AS 400)

[AR7]int g0/0/0[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.47.724[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.67.724[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd100.1.78.724[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ipadd100.1.36.724[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int LoopBack0[AR7-LoopBack0]ipadd7.7.7.732[AR7-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR7-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.7.124

3.8 AR8 配置(AS 500)

[AR8]int g0/0/0[AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.78.824[AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.107.824[AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0[AR8-LoopBack0]ipadd8.8.8.832[AR8-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR8-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.8.124

3.9 AR9 配置(AS 500)

[AR9]int g0/0/0[AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.69.924[AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.109.924[AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0[AR9-LoopBack0]ipadd9.9.9.932[AR9-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR9-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.9.124

3.10 AR10 配置(AS 500)

[AR10]int g0/0/0[AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd100.1.107.1024[AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd100.1.109.1024[AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int LoopBack0[AR10-LoopBack0]ipadd10.10.10.1032[AR10-LoopBack0]int LoopBack1[AR10-LoopBack1]ipadd192.168.10.124

四、第二步:配置OSPF(AS内部IGP)

OSPF仅宣告LoopBack0和AS内部直连接口,用于IBGP建邻的TCP可达性,不宣告业务网段(LoopBack1)和EBGP直连网段。

4.1 AS 200 内部 OSPF 配置(AR2 / AR3 / AR4)

AR2 OSPF 配置

[AR2]ospf1router-id2.2.2.2[AR2-ospf-1]area0[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network2.2.2.20.0.0.0[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.24.20.0.0.0

AR3 OSPF 配置

[AR3]ospf1router-id3.3.3.3[AR3-ospf-1]area0[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network3.3.3.30.0.0.0[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.34.30.0.0.0

AR4 OSPF 配置

[AR4]ospf1router-id4.4.4.4[AR4-ospf-1]area0[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network4.4.4.40.0.0.0[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.24.40.0.0.0[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.34.40.0.0.0

4.2 AS 300 内部 OSPF 配置(AR5 / AR6)

AR5 OSPF 配置

[AR5]ospf1router-id5.5.5.5[AR5-ospf-1]area0[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network5.5.5.50.0.0.0[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.56.50.0.0.0

AR6 OSPF 配置

[AR6]ospf1router-id6.6.6.6[AR6-ospf-1]area0[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network6.6.6.60.0.0.0[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.56.60.0.0.0

4.3 AS 500 内部 OSPF 配置(AR8 / AR9 / AR10)

AR8 OSPF 配置

[AR8]ospf1router-id8.8.8.8[AR8-ospf-1]area0[AR8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network8.8.8.80.0.0.0[AR8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.107.80.0.0.0

AR9 OSPF 配置

[AR9]ospf1router-id9.9.9.9[AR9-ospf-1]area0[AR9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network9.9.9.90.0.0.0[AR9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.109.90.0.0.0

AR10 OSPF 配置

[AR10]ospf1router-id10.10.10.10[AR10-ospf-1]area0[AR10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.10.10.100.0.0.0[AR10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.107.100.0.0.0[AR10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network100.1.109.100.0.0.0

**验证命令:**在各AS内路由器上执行 display ip routing-table protocol ospf,确认已学到所有LoopBack0路由,确保IBGP建邻可达。


五、第三步:配置BGP基本部分

5.1 AS 100 — AR1 BGP 配置

[AR1]bgp100[AR1-bgp]router-id1.1.1.1[AR1-bgp]peer100.1.12.2 as-number200[AR1-bgp]peer100.1.13.3 as-number200

5.2 AS 200 — AR2 BGP 配置

[AR2]bgp200[AR2-bgp]router-id2.2.2.2[AR2-bgp]peer100.1.12.1 as-number100[AR2-bgp]peer100.1.47.7 as-number400[AR2-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 as-number200[AR2-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR2-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 next-hop-local

5.3 AS 200 — AR3 BGP 配置

[AR3]bgp200[AR3-bgp]router-id3.3.3.3[AR3-bgp]peer100.1.13.1 as-number100[AR3-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 as-number200[AR3-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR3-bgp]peer4.4.4.4 next-hop-local

**AS 200 故障模拟:**AR2 与 AR3 之间不建立 IBGP 邻居,模拟路由传递故障。两台设备仅分别与 AR4 建立 IBGP。

5.4 AS 200 — AR4 BGP 配置

[AR4]bgp200[AR4-bgp]router-id4.4.4.4[AR4-bgp]peer2.2.2.2 as-number200[AR4-bgp]peer2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR4-bgp]peer3.3.3.3 as-number200[AR4-bgp]peer3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR4-bgp]peer100.1.45.5 as-number300

5.5 AS 300 — AR5 BGP 配置

[AR5]bgp300[AR5-bgp]router-id5.5.5.5[AR5-bgp]peer100.1.45.4 as-number200[AR5-bgp]peer100.1.67.7 as-number400[AR5-bgp]peer6.6.6.6 as-number300[AR5-bgp]peer6.6.6.6 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR5-bgp]peer6.6.6.6 next-hop-local

5.6 AS 300 — AR6 BGP 配置

[AR6]bgp300[AR6-bgp]router-id6.6.6.6[AR6-bgp]peer100.1.36.7 as-number400[AR6-bgp]peer100.1.69.9 as-number500[AR6-bgp]peer5.5.5.5 as-number300[AR6-bgp]peer5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR6-bgp]peer5.5.5.5 next-hop-local

5.7 AS 400 — AR7 BGP 配置

[AR7]bgp400[AR7-bgp]router-id7.7.7.7[AR7-bgp]peer100.1.47.2 as-number200[AR7-bgp]peer100.1.67.5 as-number300[AR7-bgp]peer100.1.36.6 as-number300[AR7-bgp]peer100.1.78.8 as-number500

5.8 AS 500 — AR8 BGP 配置

[AR8]bgp500[AR8-bgp]router-id8.8.8.8[AR8-bgp]peer100.1.78.7 as-number400[AR8-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 as-number500[AR8-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR8-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 next-hop-local[AR8-bgp]peer9.9.9.9 as-number500[AR8-bgp]peer9.9.9.9 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR8-bgp]peer9.9.9.9 next-hop-local

5.9 AS 500 — AR9 BGP 配置

[AR9]bgp500[AR9-bgp]router-id9.9.9.9[AR9-bgp]peer100.1.69.6 as-number300[AR9-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 as-number500[AR9-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR9-bgp]peer10.10.10.10 next-hop-local[AR9-bgp]peer8.8.8.8 as-number500[AR9-bgp]peer8.8.8.8 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR9-bgp]peer8.8.8.8 next-hop-local

5.10 AS 500 — AR10 BGP 配置

[AR10]bgp500[AR10-bgp]router-id10.10.10.10[AR10-bgp]peer8.8.8.8 as-number500[AR10-bgp]peer8.8.8.8 connect-interface LoopBack0[AR10-bgp]peer9.9.9.9 as-number500[AR10-bgp]peer9.9.9.9 connect-interface LoopBack0

**验证命令:**display bgp peer — 检查所有BGP邻居状态全为 Established。


六、第四步:宣告用户网段进BGP

仅宣告 LoopBack1 模拟用户网段(192.168.X.0/24),LoopBack0 不宣告进BGP。

6.1 AR1 宣告

[AR1]bgp100[AR1-bgp]network192.168.1.024

6.2 AR2 宣告

[AR2]bgp200[AR2-bgp]network192.168.2.024

6.3 AR3 宣告

[AR3]bgp200[AR3-bgp]network192.168.3.024

6.4 AR4 宣告

[AR4]bgp200[AR4-bgp]network192.168.4.024

6.5 AR5 宣告

[AR5]bgp300[AR5-bgp]network192.168.5.024

6.6 AR6 宣告

[AR6]bgp300[AR6-bgp]network192.168.6.024

6.7 AR7 宣告

[AR7]bgp400[AR7-bgp]network192.168.7.024

6.8 AR8 宣告

[AR8]bgp500[AR8-bgp]network192.168.8.024

6.9 AR9 宣告

[AR9]bgp500[AR9-bgp]network192.168.9.024

6.10 AR10 宣告

[AR10]bgp500[AR10-bgp]network192.168.10.024

七、第五步:全网连通性验证

7.1 查看BGP路由表

display bgp routing-table

确认各路由器是否学习到全部10条用户网段路由(192.168.1.0/24 ~ 192.168.10.0/24)。

7.2 Ping 测试(端到端连通性)

在AR1上测试到AR10用户网段:

[AR1]ping-a192.168.1.1192.168.10.1

在AR7上测试到AR1用户网段:

[AR7]ping-a192.168.7.1192.168.1.1

在AR10上测试到AR4用户网段:

[AR10]ping-a192.168.10.1192.168.4.1

八、BGP邻居关系汇总表

8.1 EBGP 邻居关系

本端本端AS对端地址对端对端AS
AR1100100.1.12.2AR2200
AR1100100.1.13.3AR3200
AR2200100.1.47.7AR7400
AR4200100.1.45.5AR5300
AR5300100.1.67.7AR7400
AR6300100.1.36.7AR7400
AR6300100.1.69.9AR9500
AR7400100.1.78.8AR8500

8.2 IBGP 邻居关系

AS本端对端LoopBack0说明
AS 200AR24.4.4.4 (AR4)AR2与AR3不建IBGP(模拟故障)
AS 200AR34.4.4.4 (AR4)AR4作为路由反射点
AS 200AR42.2.2.2 / 3.3.3.3分别与AR2、AR3建立IBGP
AS 300AR56.6.6.6 (AR6)全互联
AS 300AR65.5.5.5 (AR5)全互联
AS 500AR89.9.9.9 / 10.10.10.10全互联
AS 500AR98.8.8.8 / 10.10.10.10全互联
AS 500AR108.8.8.8 / 9.9.9.9全互联

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